我国蜜环菌分类单元间菌索的相互作用

Interspecific interaction of rhizomorph of Armillaria in China

蜜环菌菌索是天麻生长的主要营养来源,而蜜环菌生物种菌索之间可能存在种间相互作用,因此天麻栽培时蜜环菌种的混用可能对天麻的产量产生影响。为揭示我国蜜环菌分类单元间菌索的相互作用,以我国8个蜜环菌分类单元为研究对象,通过研究其共同培养时整体及单侧菌索的生长速率和单位长度内生长尖端个数来研究其菌索间的作用特性。结果表明:两者间相互拮抗的有CBS D-CBS F;仅有一个蜜环菌菌索未受到影响或受到协同作用的有:CBS A-CBS H中的CBS A、CBS F-CBS J中的CBS J、CBS A-CBS F中的CBS A、CBS A-CBS N中的CBS A、CBS F-CBS M中的CBS M、CBS J-CBS M中的CBS M、CBS B-CBS J中的CBS B;组合中两种蜜环菌菌索靠近侧协同生长的有:CBS A-CBS M;组合中对两者靠近的区域具有优势的有:CBS A-CBS B中的CBS B、CBS A-CBS J中的CBS J、CBS B-CBS F中的CBS F、CBS D-CBS H中的CBS H、CBS D-CBS N中的CBS N和CBS F-CBS M中的CBS F。本研究的开展为我国蜜环菌的鉴定、天麻栽培用蜜环菌种的选用提供理论指导。

Some species of Armillaria are essential to the growth and development of Gastrodia elata. We proposed that there should be potential interspecific interactions between Armillaria rhiozomorph when different Armillaria species were cultivated together. Eight biological species of Armillaria including A. sinapina(CBS A), A. gallica(CBS B), A. stoyae(CBS D), A. borealis(CBS M), and four unnamed species(CBS F, CBS H, CBS J and CBS N) were selected as material for revealing the interspecific rhizomorph interactions. The whole rhizomorph growth rate and unilateral rhizomorph growth rate, and the number of rhizomorph growing tips per unit length(cm) under mixed culture of different species of Armillaria were investigated. The results showed that there were four interaction types among experimented species pairs. Pair of CBS D-CBS F was antagonistic to each other. CBS A showed unaffected or even favorable in mixed culture of CBS A-CBS H. That was the case with CBS J in CBS F-CBS J, CBS A in CBS A-CBS F, CBS A in CBS A-CBS N, CBS M in CBS F-CBS M, and CBS B in CBS B-CBS J. Some pairs demonstrated a synergistic growth to each other, e.g. pair of CBS A-CBS M. In some pairs, only one species grew favorably in the intermixed regions of mixed culture, e.g. CBS B in CBS A-CBS B, CBS J in CBS A-CBS J, CBS F in CBS B-CBS F, CBS H in CBS D-CBS H, CBS N in CBS D-CBS N and CBS F in CBS F-CBS M. This study provides reference for the identification of Armillaria species and the selection of Armillaria strains for cultivation of Gastrodia elata.