核、质基因对肺形侧耳菌丝生长、营养成分及基因表达的影响

Effects of nuclear and mitochondrial genes on the mycelial growth,nutritional components and gene expression of Pleurotus pulmonarius

本研究通过杂交构建肺形侧耳同核异质菌株N1M1、N1M2和同质异核菌株N1M1、N2M1,比较菌丝形态与生长速度、营养成分以及常见的细胞核基因与线粒体基因的表达量,分析线粒体基因对肺形侧耳菌丝的影响,探讨线粒体基因与核基因的相互作用。由菌丝生长情况可知N1M1和N1M2菌丝形态相似,生长速度差异不显著,N1M1和N2M1菌丝形态差异大,生长速度差异极显著,在菌丝形态与生长速度上细胞核基因作用大于线粒体基因。进一步检测菌株中的主要营养成分发现必需氨基酸与总水解氨基酸含量差异显著,菌株N1M2蛋白含量显著高于N1M1,N1M1维生素C含量是N1M2的1.67倍,菌株N2M1多糖和蛋白含量显著高于N1M1,铁和维生素C含量显著低于N1M1。所以细胞核基因、线粒体基因都能影响肺形侧耳营养成分含量。检测同核异质菌株N1M1、N1M2的7个细胞核常见基因的表达情况发现,N1M2菌丝中6个细胞核基因的表达量都显著高于N1M1,这表明肺形侧耳线粒体基因的不同会影响核基因的表达;同质异核菌株N1M1、N2M1的14个线粒体普通编码蛋白基因表达差异显著,这说明线粒体基因的表达量会因核基因的不同有所差异。综上,肺形侧耳线粒体基因和细胞核基因能够相互影响,共同作用于生命活动。

Isonuclear alloplasmic strains N1 M1 and N1 M2 and isocytoplasmic allonuclear strains N1 M1 and N2 M1 of Pleurotus pulmonarius were obtained by hybridization technique. In order to analyze the effects of mitochondrial genes on mycelium and search into the interaction between mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, mycelium growth rate, nutrient composition and the expression of several common nuclear and mitochondrial genes of N1 M1, N1 M2 and N2 M1 were compared. Observation of mycelium growth showed that N1 M1 and N1 M2 had similar mycelial morphology and no significant difference in growth rate, however mycelial morphology and growth rate of strains N1 M1 and N2 M1 had significant difference, indicating that nuclear genes played a greater role than mitochondrial genes in mycelial morphology and growth rate. Further determination of the main nutrient components showed that the content of essential amino acids and total hydrolyzed amino acids in different strains was significantly different. The protein content of strain N1 M2 was significantly higher than that of strain N1 M1. The vitamin C content of strain N1 M1 was 1.67 times higher than that of strain N1 M2. The content of polysaccharide and protein of strain N2 M1 was significantly higher than that of strain N1 M1, while the content of iron and vitamin C was significantly lower than that of strain N1 M1.Facts had proved that both nuclear genes and mitochondrial genes could affect the nutrient content of Pleurotus pulmonarius. The expression of seven common genes in nuclei of isonuclear alloplasmic strains N1 M1 and N1 M2 was detected. As a result, six of the genes in N1 M2 was significantly higher in genes expression as compared with those in N1 M1. It indicated that the different mitochondrial genes of Pleurotus pulmonarius could affect the expression of nuclear genes. There were significant differences in the expression of 14 common mitochondrial coding protein genes in isocytoplasmic allonuclear strains N1 M1 and N2 M1,indicating that the expression of mitochondrial genes significantly differs in accordance with different nuclear genes. In conclusion, mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Pleurotus pulmonarius can interact each other and act on life activities jointly.