清代孔府地租征收问题研究

Study on the land rent collection problems of the Confucius Mansion in Qing Dynasty

历代统治者极为重视孔府,不断赐予土地扩充其经济实力,孔府逐渐成为国内少有的特大贵族地主庄园。孔府一般采用租佃方式经营土地,但清朝中后期,孔府租税征收开始显现危机,一方面大量佃户因各种原因无法正常交租,孔府只得派人催租;另一方面孔府自身管理存在漏洞,官地产权无法确实掌握,宗族子弟或所派甲首把持田册,私扣租税,孔府对其并没有很好的解决办法。土地租税征收问题严重影响了孔府的收入,这也是孔府逐渐走向衰落的重要原因。

Ancient Chinese rulers attached great importance to Confucius Mansion and granted land to expand its economic strength. Confucius Mansion gradually occupied a large amount of land and became a rare great noble landlord estate. Confucius Mansion generally used tenancy to manage the land. However,in the middle and late Qing dynasty,Confucius Mansion rent collection began to show a crisis. On the one hand,a large number of tenants could not pay the rent normally due to various reasons. On the other hand,there are loopholes in the Confucius Mansion's management. The property right of the government land cannot be truly grasped. The clan held the land book and robbed the rent for its own benefit. Confucius Mansion does not have good methods to solve to these problems. These problem seriously affects the income of Confucius Mansion,which is also an important reason for its gradual decline.