庄辛行年考辨二则

The Textual Research of Zhuang Xin’s Lifetime

庄辛是楚顷襄王时期的大臣,其事迹所载无多,仅见存于《战国策》《新序》《说苑》等典籍中。在庄辛为数不多的事迹中,时间线索比较清晰的当属其劝谏楚顷襄王之事,见载于《战国策·楚策四·庄辛谓楚襄王》和《新序·杂事二》。断代的关键,在于上述二书中的史实,即秦国攻取楚地的年代。由于秦国在此次伐楚过程中曾有反复,导致整个战役延续了三年多。其中,秦先后两度攻取巫山,第一次在楚顷襄王十九年,庄辛进谏当不晚于此年。之后,庄辛立即前往赵国,在滞留了三年多后才返回楚国。与庄辛进谏有关的时间节点,无论《战国策》还是《新序》,都存在夸饰之处,需要结合《史记》加以考辨和订正。

Zhuang Xin was the minister of Chu Dynasty in the period of Chu Qingxiang’s rule , and his deeds wereseldom recorded. They are only found in the classics such as Warring States Policy, New Preface and Shu Yuan. In Zhuang Xin’s few deeds, the time clues are relatively clear in the matter of admonishing the king in Warring States, Chu Policy 4 Zhuang Xinadmonishing king Chu Xiang and New Preface Miscellaneous II . The key to the dynasty is the historical facts in the above two books;that is, the time when Qin State attacked Chu. Because Qin had repeated in the process of attacking Chu, the entire campaign continued for more than three years. Among them, Qin had twice attacked Wushan mountain. For the first time in the 19th year of the Chu Dynasty, Zhuang Xin’s admonishing was not later than this year. After that, Zhuang Xin immediately went to Zhao and returned to Chu after staying for more than three years. The time nodes related to Zhuang Xin’s admonishing time, regardless of the Warring States Policy or New Preface , have exaggerated points, which need to be combined with Historical Records to be examined and revised.