施钙对不同种植模式下花生产量及生理特性的影响

Effects of Calcium Application on Peanut Yield and Physiological Characteristics under Different Planting Patterns

为探明不同种植模式下花生荚果产量及生理特性对钙肥的响应,在玉米‖花生3∶4间作与花生单作种植模式下,选用花育25为试验材料,分别设置4个施钙量处理(Ca0:0kg/hm^2,Ca1:150kg/hm^2,Ca2:300kg/hm^2,Ca3:450kg/hm^2),系统研究施钙对不同种植模式下花生叶片光合特性、荚果产量及其生理特性的影响。2a研究结果表明:相同施钙条件下,间作降低了花生叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pn)、CAT、POD和SOD的活性,增加了花生叶片的MDA含量,荚果产量亦有不同程度降低。相同种植模式下,花生施钙处理较不施钙对照均有不同幅度的增产,且间作中间行花生的增产幅度高于单作花生的增产幅度;此外,间作和单作花生荚果产量随施钙量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,Ca2处理获得最高荚果产量;结果与从回归方程推算出的单作和间作中间行花生适宜施钙量基本相符。施钙亦增强了单作和间作花生叶片的光合生产能力,其净光合速率分别提高了3.1%~23.7%,8.9%~21.8%。与不施钙处理比较,Ca2处理提高了单作和间作花生叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、CAT、POD和SOD的活性,降低了花生叶片的MDA含量,利于提高间作花生对遮荫的适应能力,利于间作花生产量的提高。Ca2处理是本试验条件下单作和间作遮荫条件下适宜的施钙量处理。

In order to determine the response of peanut pod yield and physiological characteristics to calcium fertilizer under different planting patterns,a field experiment was designed with Huayu 25 as the test material,setting 2 planting patterns(3 ∶ 4 maize-peanut intercropping and peanut monoculture)and 4 calcium treatments(Ca0:0 kg/ha, Ca1:150 kg/ha,Ca2:300 kg/ha and Ca3 :450 kg/ha). The effects of calcium application on photosynthetic characteristics of peanut leaves,pod yield and its physiological characteristics under different planting patterns were systematically analyzed. The results showed that under the same calcium application condition,the intercropping decreased the chlorophyll relative content(SPAD),net photosynthetic rate ,CAT,POD and SOD activities of peanut,but increased the MDA content of peanut leaves,and the yield of pods also decreased in a certain degree. Under the same planting pattern,calcium treatments increased the pod yield of peanut in different degrees compared with the Ca0,and the peanut yield in middle rows was higher than that of monoculture peanut. In addition,with the increase of calcium application,the pod yield of intercropping and monoculture peanut increased first and then decreased,and the highest came from Ca2 treatment. Moreover,the experiment results were basically consistent with the appropriate calcium amount applied in middle rows of monoculture and intercropping peanuts derived from the regression equation. The calcium application enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of peanut leaves under monoculture and intercropping patterns,and their net photosynthetic rate(Pn)increased by 3.1%-23.7% and 8.9%-21.8%, respectively. The Ca2 treatment could increase the chlorophyll relative content(SPAD),and the activities of CAT,POD and SOD in the leaves of monoculture and intercropping peanut,and reduced the MDA content of leaves,which was beneficial to improving the adaptability of peanuts to shade and increasing the production of intercropping peanuts. The Ca2 treatment was the suitable calcium amount in monoculture and intercropping shading patterns of the experiment.