不同氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株生理特性和产量的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Double Cropping Rice

为探明双季稻区不同氮(N)肥运筹模式对双季水稻植株叶片生理特性及产量的影响,以早稻和晚稻均不施N肥为对照(CK),系统比较研究了早稻施N120.0kg/hm^2+晚稻施N210.0kg/hm^2(N120∶210)、早稻施N150.0kg/hm^2+晚稻施N180.0kg/hm^2(N150∶180)、早稻施N180.0kg/hm^2+晚稻施N150.0kg/hm^2(N180∶150)、早稻施N210.0kg/hm^2+晚稻施N120.0kg/hm^2(N210∶120)5种N肥运筹模式条件下双季水稻植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性及产量的变化。研究结果表明,不同施N水平下,早、晚稻各个生育时期植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量降低;早稻和晚稻各个主要生育时期,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)大小顺序均分别表现为N150∶180>N180∶150>N210∶120>N120∶210>CK和N150∶180>N180∶150>N120∶210>N210∶120>CK;早稻和晚稻各个主要生育时期叶片气孔导度(Gs)分别表现为N210∶120>N180∶150>N150∶180>N120∶210>CK和N120∶210>N150∶180>N180∶150>N210∶120>CK。各处理间水稻植株的千粒质量均无显著性差异;早稻和晚稻产量均以N150∶180处理为最高,分别比对照增加1849.5,1879.5kg/hm^2。因此,早稻施N150.0kg/hm^2和晚稻施N180.0kg/hm^2的施肥模式,有利于提高双季水稻叶片保护性酶活性和光合特性,改善产量构成因素,从而获得较高的水稻产量。

In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice leaves and grain yield with different N application patterns in double-cropping rice system, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves,grain yield of early rice and late rice were analyzed under 5 models of N application:120.0 kg/ha of early rice plus 210.0 kg/ha of late rice(N120 ∶ 210 ),150.0 kg/ha of early rice plus180.0 kg/ha of late rice(N150 ∶180 ),180.0 kg/ha of early rice plus150.0 kg/ha of late rice(N180 ∶150 ),210.0 kg/ha of early rice plus120.0 kg/ha of late rice (N 210 ∶120 ),and taking zero N of early and late rice as the control(CK). The results showed that the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in rice leaves increased with different N fertilizer treatments compared to CK at main growth stages of early and late rice. Meanwhile,compared with CK,the MDA and Pro contents in rice leaves decreased with different N fertilizer treatments at main growth stages of early and late rice. The Pn and Tr of rice leaves with different N fertilizer treatments decreased in the following order:N150 ∶180 >N180 ∶150 >N 210 ∶120 >N 120 ∶ 210 >CK and N150 ∶180 >N180 ∶150 >N120 ∶ 210 >N 210 ∶120 >CK at main growth stages of early and late rice, respectively. Meanwhile,the leaf Gs of early and late rice with different N fertilizer treatments decreased in the following order N 210 ∶120 >N180 ∶150 >N150 ∶180 >N120 ∶ 210 >CK and N120 ∶ 210 >N150 ∶180 >N180 ∶150 >N 210 ∶120 >CK at main growth stages,respectively. The results also indicated that there were no significantly difference in spikelet number per panicle and1 000-grain weight of rice among different N fertilizer treatments. The grain yields of early rice and late rice in N150 ∶180 and N180 ∶150 treatments were higher than in other treatments. Compared with CK,the grain yields of early rice and late rice in N150 ∶180 and N180 ∶150 treatments increased by1 849.5,1 879.5 kg/ha,respectively. The results indicated that the N150 ∶180 treatment could improve the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves,so as to increase the grain yield of rice.