从两件楼兰医学文书解读中印医学的传播

Interpretation of the Spread of Chinese and Indian Medicine from two Kroraina Medical Documents

楼兰L.A.遗址出土的"蛇床子散"纸文书残片,其方源自张仲景《金匮要略》"蛇床子散",因中原军队屯戍楼兰而传至西域。本文通过考察该文书,结合楼兰其他中医文书以及回鹘文、粟特文、波斯文医学文献中含有的中医元素,解读中医由中原向西域的传播。而楼兰L.B.遗址出土的载有佉卢文"达子香叶散"的木牍,陈明研究其方还见于库车出土的梵文《鲍威尔写本》、敦煌出土的梵文《医理精华》和梵语于阗语双语《耆婆书》。而笔者发现"达子香叶散"就是藏医的"杜鹃大臣散",又见于蒙医,并影响维医和中医,其代表印度医学由印度向西域再向中原传播。

The fragments of SheBeizi San paper documents unearthed at the L.A. site of Loulan were originated from Zhang Zhongjing’s Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and spread to the Western regions because of the Central Plains army garrisoning Loulan. Doctors spread from east to west. And Loulan L.B.site unearthed contains the Linlu language "Dazi Xiangye San" wooden tablets, after Chen Ming’s research also found in Kuqa unearthed Sanskrit Powell’s Written Version, Dunhuang unearthed Sanskrit Medical Essence and Sanskrit bilingual Sanskrit Jain Book. The author found that "Dazi Xiangye Powder" was the"Rhododendron Minister Powder" of Tibetan medicine, which was also found in Mongolian medicine and influenced Uygur medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, representing the spread of Indian medicine from India to the West and then to the East.