论明清鼎革对西藏的影响

The Impact of the Change of the Chinese Dynasties from the Ming to the Qing on Tibet

17世纪明清鼎革是具有重大历史意义的一次政权更迭,其广泛又深远的影响亦波及遥远的西藏,西藏的历史进程由此发生深刻变化。在政教方面,明清鼎革后因为清王朝推行独尊格鲁派的政策,特别是1751年政教合一体制的施行,使得格鲁派的优势地位逐渐固化,对西藏政教发展产生深远影响;在蒙藏关系上,明清鼎革进一步加强了中央政权对西藏的统治,清王朝不断调整治藏政策,特别是清军平定准噶尔侵藏和罗布藏丹津叛乱后,明末以来蒙古部族不断向青藏高原腹地迁徙,并主导西藏政局的态势被根本改变;在中央与地方关系上,明清鼎革使清王朝顺利实现对西藏地方的统治,清王朝不断突破传统治藏方式,对西藏地方进行全面、深入的直接治理,达到了历史从未有过的深度和广度。

The change of the Chinese dynasties from the Ming to the Qing in China in the 17th century was a regime change with great historical significance,and its extensive and far-reaching influence also spread to Tibet,and the historical process of Tibet underwent profound changes as a result.Since the Qing government revered the Gelugpa Sect of the Tibetan Buddhism only,and Tibet adopted the system of integration of politics and religion in 1751,the dominant position of the Gelugpa Sect gradually solidified,which had a profound impact on the development of politics and religion in Tibet.The change of the Chinese dynasties further strengthened the ruling position of the central government in Tibet,and the Qing government constantly adjusted its policy of ruling Tibe.The Qing's army stopped Junggar's invasion of Tibet and quelled the rebellion of a Mongolian tribal leader,which completely changed the situation of Tibet from the Mongolian tribes migrating into the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and interfering the Tibetan political affairs since the end of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing government governing Tibet directly.