蓖麻油基季铵盐的合成及性能研究

Synthesis and Properties of Castor-oil-based Quaternary Ammonium Salt

采用单因素法优化了蓖麻油酸酰胺的合成工艺条件,并采用红外光谱对中间产物和目标产物进行了结构表征,研究了目标产物蓖麻油基季铵盐的性能。较佳的酰胺合成工艺条件为:催化剂使用离子液体[Hmim]HSO4,催化剂用量为8%,油胺比为1:6,反应温度80℃,反应时间8h。红外表征显示:中间产物蓖麻油酸酰胺较原料蓖麻油在1037.93cm^-1处多出碳-氮键的特征吸收峰,目标产物蓖麻油基季铵盐较中间产物在1242.73、965.38、877.00cm^-1处多出三元环氧的特征吸收峰。性能测试显示:蓖麻油基季铵盐溶液临界胶束浓度CMC为1.79×10^-3mol/L,与文献中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的临界胶束浓度1.09×10^-3mol/L在同一个数量级。

The synthesis conditions of castor-oil-based amide were optimized by single-factor method. The structures of the intermediate product and final product were analyzed by infrared spectrum (IR). And the performance of the final product was studied as well. The better process conditions for the synthesis of amide were listed as follows: the most effective catalyst was ionic liquid [Hmim]HSO4 and the dosage of it was 8 %, oil-amine ratio: 1:6, reaction temperature: 80 ℃, reaction time: 8 h. IR characterization were as follows: compared with castor oil, intermediate product had an additional characteristic absorption peak of carbon-nitrogen bond at 1 037.93 cm^-1. Compared with intermediate product, target product castor-oil-based quaternary ammonium salt had characteristic absorption peaks of the ternary epoxy at 1 242.73 cm^-1, 965.38 cm^-1 and 877.00 cm^-1. The performance test showed that CMC of castor oil-based quaternary ammonium salt was 1.79 × 10^-3 mol/L, which was at the same level as that of CATB (1.09 × 10^-3 mol/L) in the literature.