新中国70年乡土书写的三度转换

Three Conversions of Local Writing in the 70 Years of New China

对新中国成立70年乡土小说创作的纵向考察可以看到,随着时代环境的变迁,乡土书写经历了从走入政治乡土,到重返文化乡土,再到告别传统乡土的转换。赵树理1953年创作的长篇小说《三里湾》,汪曾祺1980年创作的短篇小说《受戒》,莫言1986年创作的中篇小说《红高粱》分别表征着三种乡土书写的新样态。它亦从文学层面透露出时代环境对人们情感心理的折射:表现中国现代化进程中国人心态从高度的政治整合,到整体的文化怀旧,再到多维的情感突围的流变过程,体现了人类对现实生存环境的多元诉求。

It can be found from the longitudinal investigation of local fiction creation in the 70 years since the founding of new China that local writing has gone through the transition from political nativeness to cultural nativeness,and then to bidding farewell to traditional nativeness with the changes of the times.Zhao Shuli's novel Sanliwan Village (1953),Wang Zengqi's short story Bar Mitzvah (1980) and Mo Yan's novella Red Sorghum (1986) represent three new forms of local writing respectively.It also reveals from the literary level the reflection of people's emotional psychology by the environment of the times: it reflects the Chinese people's mentality in the process of China's modernization,the process which is from the high political integration to the overall cultural nostalgia,and then to the multi-dimensional emotional breakthrough,embodying the multi-demands of human beings for the real living environment.