论乾隆时期雄安三县的自然灾害

On Natural Disasters in Three Counties of Xiongan during the Reign of Qianlong

雄安新区涉及河北省雄县、容城、安新三县及周边部分区域,地处北京、天津、保定腹地。雄安地区在历史上自然灾害多发,尤其到了清代乾隆时期,无论是灾害的种类还是次数都有所增多。灾害的种类主要有四种:即水灾、旱灾、蝗灾、雹灾。雄安灾害频发的主要原因有两个方面,一是自然条件,二是人为原因。救灾既有灾前的预防又有灾后的赈济及蠲免等措施。

The Xiongan New Area covers Xiongxian, Rongcheng, and Anxin Counties in Heibei Province and their surrounding areas,which located in the hinterland of Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding. The natural disasters occurred frequently in Xiongan area in history,both the types of disasters and the number of disasters increased during the reign of Qianlong in the Qing dynasty especially. The disasters that hit Xiongan New Area in history are mainly of four types, namely flood, drought, locust infestation, and hailstorm. There are two main reasons for the frequent occurrence of disasters in Xiongan, one is natural conditions, the other is man-made reasons. And the disaster relief measures include both pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster relief and exemption from tax payments.