我国成年居民心理健康状况及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of mental health among adult residents in China

目的了解我国成年居民心理健康状况及其影响因素,为促进居民心理健康提供参考依据。方法使用2014年中国家庭追踪调查项目(CFPS)的数据,以其中28666名≥18岁居民为研究对象,采用二分类logistic回归模型,从社会人口、身体健康状况、社会经济水平以及健康相关行为4个方面探讨我国成年居民心理健康的影响因素。结果我国成年居民心理健康得分为(9.22±3.98)分,心理健康总体水平处于合理范围,高风险和低风险分别检出4290人和24376人,检出率分别为14.97%和85.03%。多元回归分析结果显示,社会人口、身体健康状况、社会经济水平以及健康相关行为对居民的心理健康的影响有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论我国成年居民心理健康总体处于合理范围,但需加强对农村居民、女性、无配偶、文化水平低、居住在西部、吸烟、饮酒、自评健康不好、有慢性病、身体不适、偏瘦、生活满意度低、无医疗保险、在上学、低收入人群的关注,提高其心理健康状况。

Objective To examine mental health status and its influencing factors among adult residents in China and to provide references for promoting mental health of the population.Methods The data on 28 666 residents aged ≥ 18 years were extracted from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2014 and the 6-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was adopted in the study. Dichotomous logistic regression model was used to evaluate mental health of the participants by demographics, physical health, social economic condition, and health-related behaviors.Results Among all the adults, the mean K6 score was 9.22 + 3.98;24 376 (85.03%) and 4 290 (14.97%) were assessed at a low risk (K6 score of 6-12) and high risk (K6 score of ≥ 13) of mental disorders, indicating a reasonable level of overall mental health for the population surveyed. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that variables of demographics, physical health, social economic condition, and health-related behaviors had significant impacts on mental health of the adults (all P < 0.05).Conclusion The mental health of adult residents in China is generally at a reasonable level;but attention should be paid to mental health of rural residents, women, the unmarried, the adults with low education, residents in western China, smokers, alcohol drinkers, the adults with poor self-rated health, having chronic diseases, having some physical discomforts, being leanness, with low satisfaction to daily life, without medical insurance, being a students, and the adults with low income.