王政复古政变至明治初期的日本皇室改革

The Royal Political Reform in Japan from the Coup D’etat of the Restoration to the Early Meiji Period

王政复古政变至明治初期,岩仓具视等人推动进行了一系列围绕皇室的改革。这些措施有:宣布政归朝廷,以诏敕形式发布重要政令,围绕天皇亲政设立官制;通过迁都、天皇行幸等,改变以往神秘的、深宫中的天皇形象;完善以天皇亲祭为核心的祭祀体系,强调皇权的神圣性及权威性;改革宫中制度,拔除旧弊。上述举措不仅塑造了作为主导变革的核心及代表国家全体的新天皇形象,借此宣示维新政权的正统性,同时亦巧妙实现了天皇周边的政治势力的更替。倒幕维新实力派取代了部分旧公卿及藩主势力。天皇及皇权在新体制中被置于核心地位,这为后来诸多围绕皇权的政治及意识形态问题的产生埋下了伏笔。

From the Coup D etat of the Restoration to the early Meiji period,Iwakura Tomomi and others promoted a series of political reforms aiming at the Imperial Household.The political power was announced to be returned to the imperial court,the important decrees were issued in form of the imperial edict,and the official system was established in the center of the Emperor s personal administration.The mysterious image of the Emperor in the palace was changed by relocating the capital and the Emperor s tour.The sacrificial system with the Emperor as the chief priest was built up,emphasizing the sanctity and authority of the imperial power.The system in the palace was improved.Through all above measures,a new image of the Emperor was created as the core of the reform and the representative of the whole country.Accordingly,the legitimacy of the reformative regime was declared and the changings of political forces around the Emperor were tactfully realized.The political force which was dedicated to overthrowing the shogunate has replaced some old court power and seigniors.Although the information about the Emperor s initiative during that period was limited,the Emperor and his power were indeed placed at the core of the new system,which became the main source of many political and ideological conflicts regarding the Emperor s power.