“环境转型”研究:法国环境史研究的新趋向

Reflecting on the ’Environmental Turn’: A New Trend of the French Environmental History Studies

“环境转型”研究是当前法国环境史学界最为前沿的研究领域之一,其核心目标是要回答20世纪60年代以来法国社会所发生的“环境转型”的特点、动力和历史根源问题。关注环境问题的社会氛围、法国环境史学的扎实基础、相关史料的逐步开放以及学者们的不懈反思和探索,是“环境转型”研究能够破壳而出的几个关键因素。在研究方法上,基于对布鲁诺·拉图尔理念的不同解读,学者们形成了两种考察路径。在考察主题上,学界的讨论主要围绕“环境转型”参与者的角色、“转型”中所表现出的法国文化特性和“转型”的跨国或全球性起源等问题展开。未来的“环境转型”研究可能会在地方性和全球性两种考察取向之间并行。

The‘Environmental Turn’(le tournant environnemental)study spearheads the recent research efforts among scholars who conduct the research on the French environmental history.As a cross-branch subfield of the studies of the French environmental history,the‘Environmental Turn’study mainly examine the characteristics,dynamics and historical roots regarding the‘Environmental Turn’which gradually unfolded in the French society since the 1960s.Several key factors,such as a positive social ambiance focusing on the environmental issues,the solid academic foundations regarding the French environmental history,the gradual disclosure of the related archives,and the constant introspection and exploration of scholars,contribute to the rise of the‘Environmental Turn’study.Based on the different interpretations of Bruno Latour s‘hybridity’initiative,two mainstream research pathways are formed within the‘Environmental Turn’study.They contain three types of research topics concerning the‘Environmental Turn’:its different actors and their roles,its cultural features,and its transnational or global roots.Considering recent trends of the specific field and the broader historiography,the‘Environmental Turn’study would presumably incorporate both local and global historical approaches in the near future.