就近务工农民工就业风险感知现状及其影响因素研究

The Employment Risk Perception of Local Migrant Workers:Situation and Determinants

风险感知是个体对社会风险的态度和直觉判断。本文根据西安交通大学“新型城镇化与可持续发展”课题组2015年在河南省Y县开展的农民工发展状况调查数据,探讨了不同生计资本存量的就近务工农民工在就业风险感知上的差异及其影响因素。研究发现,在就近务工市场上,农民工就业风险感知较高;个人与家庭生计资本可部分缓解就业风险感知,社会资本、人力资本、金融资本和物质资本的相对优势弱化了个体的就业风险感知,而自然资本的相对优势并没有降低个体风险预期;就地就近劳动力市场社会保障制度对城镇就业质量提升有明显作用;性别、婚育状况、留守经历等个人因素对农民工的就业风险感知均存在显著影响。对此,应在整体提升农民工有效收入与疏通就业障碍的基础上,注重农业全要素生产率的提升,逐步完善公共就业服务体系,从而降低农民工就近就业风险感知。

Risk perception is a type of risk attitude and intuitive judgment on the risks of rural society on the form of migrant workers. Using the data from the survey about the developing situation of local migrant workers in city Y of Henan Province in 2015. This paper explores the differences in the employment risk perception and its influencing factors between the different livelihood capital of local migrant workers. Analysis results indicate employment risk perception and livelihood capital have greater dependence in the near and in-site urbanization. Individual and family livelihood capital can partly alleviate the employment risk perception. To some extent,the comparative advantages of social capital,human capital,financial capital and material capital weaken individual employment risks perception,while the comparative advantage of natural capital has not reduced individual risk perception. The social security system in local and nearby labor markets plays a significant role in improving the quality of urban employment. In addition,personal factors such as gender,marriage status,and left-behind experience significantly affect local migrant workers’ employment risk perception. Thus,it is necessary to effectively create local migrant worker’s income,to break down the barriers,to improve the circulation mechanism of rural land contract operation and to construct the service of agile employment modality,which can lower their risk perception.