“家庭网”中的风险分担

Risk Sharing within Family Network

随着中国农村家庭的“小型化”和“核心化”,由独立出来的另组家庭和原属家庭构成的“家庭网”成为重要的风险分担组织/网络。本文根据中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)独特的跟踪调查规则,构造了“家庭网”数据集,在此基础上研究了“家庭网”中不同家庭之间互动的特定经济效应——消费的风险分担。实证结果表明:“家庭网”中的家庭实现了部分风险分担,但没有实现完全风险分担;与食物消费相比,家庭非食物消费的风险分担程度更为显著;与高资产家庭和低资产家庭相比,中等资产家庭实现风险分担的程度更大。这意味着,一个家庭的消费受限于“家庭网”中的其他家庭所拥有的经济资源。研究结果对于如何选取经济分析的决策单位和面板分析的数据单位具有启示意义,在公共政策特别是当下的精准扶贫政策制定时,亦不可忽视“家庭网”中经济资源的统筹配置。

With the miniaturization and nucleation of rural households in China,the family network becomes an important risk-sharing organization/network. According to the unique tracking rules of CFPS,this paper constructs the family network data set. On this basis,this paper studies the risk sharing of consumption in the family network. The empirical results show that the household in the family network achieve partial risk sharing. Furthermore,compared with food consumption,non-food consumption has a more significant degree of risk sharing,and middle-asset households achieve a greater degree of risk-sharing compared with high-asset households and low-asset households. This means that the consumption of a household depends on the economic resources available to other households in the family network. The results of the study have certain guiding significance for how to select the decision-making unit of economic analysis and the data unit of panel analysis. In the formulation of public policies,especially the current precise poverty alleviation policy,we should not ignore the overall allocation of economic resources in the family network.