土家族婚俗“通过仪式”的理论分析

Analysis of Tujia Marriage Custom by the Theory of “Rites of Passage”

土家族婚俗是中国民族文化中的一朵奇葩,具有丰富的文化内涵。运用象征人类学的“通过仪式理论”观照这一仪式,可将其分为三个阶段:首先是分离阶段,娶亲前的准备工作都可归纳进这一阶段;其次是过渡阶段,这一阶段是土家族婚俗的核心,即最为盛大的结婚仪典;最后是融合阶段,婚嫁仪典完成后便属于这一阶段,在这一阶段中,新的社会角色以及社会关系得以确立。以“通过仪式”理论来分析土家族婚俗,有利于在非物质文化遗产保护的大背景中进一步理解并保护这一民俗文化,唤醒土家族民众对历史的记忆以及对本民族文化的认同。

The marriage custom of Tujia nationality is a splendid flower in Chinese national culture with rich cultural connotation. Us. ing symbolic anthropology’s“Rites of passage”to observe the ceremony,it can be divided into three stages: stage of separation,including the preparatory work before marriage;transitional stage,the core of the Tujia marriage custom,and also the most grand wedding ceremony;fusion stage,the period after the marriage ceremony,in which new social roles and social relations will be established. Using the theory of “Rites of passage”to analyze the marriage custom of Tujia nationality is beneficial to further understand and protect this folk culture in the context of the protection of intangible cultural heritage. At the same time it can awake Tujia people’s memory of history and the identity of their own culture.