新疆巴仁杏采收与贮运技术研究

Study on Harvest and Storage Technology of Xinjiang Baren Apricot Fruit

巴仁杏是南疆鲜食加工皆宜的地方特色果品,但采收期集中、果实易腐且采后加工技术匮乏,严重制约了巴仁杏产业化发展。为了扩大巴仁杏销售范围、满足电商平台需要,以“苏卡亚格里克”巴仁杏为试验材料,初步研究采收成熟度、运输包装方式和贮藏方法对巴仁杏贮藏时间的影响。结果显示,从不同的采收成熟度来看,与七成熟果实相比,十成熟果实外观好,甜度最高,但硬度最低,不耐贮藏;八、九成熟果实外观色彩鲜亮,甜度和硬度较高,适合远距离运输。从运输包装方式来看,冷链运输中结合1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理的果实贮藏期较长;从不同贮藏方式来看,冷藏对果实贮藏效果比常温和气调贮藏好。综合所有研究结果推测,八成熟采收、1-MCP处理结合冷链运输、8 ℃以下的低温将有利于巴仁杏远距离销售和贮藏时间延长。

Baren apricot is a famous local characteristic fruit in the south of Xinjiang province which is suitable both for fresh-eating and processing. However, the development of Baren apricot is seriously restricted because of short harvest period, perishable, and lacking of postharvest technology. In order to expand the distribution scope and meet the needs of the e-commerce platform, Sukayakrik Baren apricot fruit was used as the material to investigate the influence of harvest maturity, transport packaging and storage method on its shelf life. The results showed that compared with seven maturity apricot fruit, the fully mature fruit had better appearance, best sweetness, lowest hardness while more difficult to store;eight or nine maturity fruit got a good appearance,lower acidity, higher sweetness and hardness, and was suitable for long distance transportation and storage. The cold-chain transport package combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment could prolong the storage period. Compared with ambient storage and modified atmosphere storage, cold storage gave fruit longer life. This study suggested that harvested at eight maturity stage, packed with 1-MCP during cold-chain transportation, and refrigerated below 8 ℃ might be useful to extend the Baren apricot sale distance and shelf life.