少数民族人口流动与边疆社会治理困境——以延边朝鲜族自治州为例

Chinese Ethnic Minority Migration and the Dilemma of Social Governance in Border Areas: Taking Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as an example

人口流动(特别是赴韩务工)不仅深刻改变朝鲜族社会,而且给中朝边境农村基层社会治理及边境非传统安全带来巨大挑战。持续大规模的人口外流,造成延边朝鲜族村落空心化和人口老龄化、农业生产和经济活动的空心化、乡村基层干部队伍的高龄化、农村大龄男性婚姻挤压和留守家庭生活的掏空、乡村公共生活的式微,导致延边朝鲜族边境农村基层社会治理陷入无人支撑的困境。因此,当务之急是需要国家的高度重视和政府的全面介入,营造必要的政策环境,提升该社会的吸引力,从而扭转这一地区人口长期外流的局面,同时政策设计上要在留住现有边民方面下大功夫。

Population migration (especially migrating to ROK) has not only profoundly changed Korean Chinese society, but also posed great challenges to rural social governance in China-DPRK border areas. The hollowing of Korean Chinese villages and the aggravating trend of aging population, the hollowing of agricultural production and economic activities, the aging of cadres in rural areas, the squeezing of marriages of elderly men in rural areas and the hollowing of left behind family life, and the decline of rural public life are all caused by the continuous large-scale population outflow. It has made the rural social governance in Yanbian area fall into unsupported predicament. Therefore, the urgent task is to arouse the great attention of the state and the full involvement of the government, create the necessary policy environment, enhance the attractiveness of the society, so as to reverse the situation of long-term population outflow in this region. At the same time, great efforts have to be made so as to attract the existing border residents and provide preferential policies and platforms for outsiders’ investment.