列宁论哲学史研究基本方法

Lenin’s Thoughts on Basic Methods of Philosophical History Research

《哲学笔记》是列宁哲学史研究的标志性文本,蕴含着关于哲学史研究的基本方法的思想,即唯物主义哲学立场、辩证方法和实践观点。列宁正是从唯物主义哲学立场出发,肯定了费尔巴哈对自然界的理解,对康德和黑格尔的唯心主义做了唯物主义的改造,坚持了客观辩证法决定主观辩证法的唯物主义观点。辩证方法是列宁关于人类思想史研究和哲学史研究的基本方法论主张,它在思想史、哲学史研究中运用的内在根据在于思维的规律。列宁把实践观点作为认识与评价哲学史的人物和思想的维度,当作哲学史研究的一个基本的方法论原则,他还把实践的方法运用于马克思学说史、马克思主义发展史的分期。

As a remarkable text of Lenin’s philosophical history research, Philosophy Notes embodies his thoughts on the basic methods of the study of the philosophical history: materialist philosophical standpoint, dialectical method and practical view. It is from the very standpoint that Lenin affirms Feuerbach’s understanding of nature, transforms Kant and Hegel’s idealism by materialism, and persists in the materialist view that objective dialectics determines subjective dialectics. Dialectical method is the basic methodological proposition on the study of the history of human thought and philosophy, which considers the principle of thought as the internal basis of its application in the study of the history of thought and philosophy. Practical view is taken as the recognitive and evaluative dimension of figures and thoughts in philosophical history. Meanwhile, it is also applied to the stage classification of the history of Marxist Theory and development of Marxism as a methodological principle.