顶板不稳固薄矿体开采方法研究

Study on the Mining Method of Thin Orebody with Unstable Roof

顶板不稳固薄矿体开采一直是难题。某萤石矿在开采过程中存在冒顶事故多发、矿石贫化率难控制、采矿成本太高、甚至因顶板坍塌导致矿石采不出来等难题,针对以上问题,以某萤石矿顶板不稳固薄矿体为研究对象,提出了小中段房柱采矿法,浅孔凿岩爆破,先采上部后采下部,后退式回采;为取得较好的支护效果,减少支护材料以及降低顶板支护难度,在回采过程中适时保留矿柱,支护顶板。实践证明,在回采过程中冒顶片帮事故明显减少,顶板支护效果显著,矿石贫化率控制在15%以内,极大地提高了矿石品位,最终成功采出矿石,取得了良好的效果,对其他类似矿山具有一定的参考价值。

Mining thin orebody with unstable roof is still a technical problem.The technical problems such as roof collapses happens frequently,ore dilution rate is difficult to control,the mining cost is too high and the collapse of the roof prevented the mining of ores are existed in a fluorite mine,in order to solve the problems,taking the thin orebody with unstable roof of the mine as the study example,the room-and-pillar mining method with small section is proposed and the shallow-hole drilling blasting method is adopted,the upper orebody is mined firstly and the lower orebody is mined later by backward mining sequence.In order to ensure the ideal supporting effects,reduce supporting materials and lowering supporting difficult,the ore pillars are retained during the mining process,so as to ensure the stability of roof.The practice results show that the accidents of roof falling and roadway deformation are reduce significantly,the roof supporting effects is good,the ore dilution rate is controlled lower than 15%,ore stoping grade is improved,the ores are mined successfully,the practice effects are ideal,which can provide some reliable value for the other mines.