意义·意图·言外之意——格莱斯意义理论简析

Meaning·Intention·Implicature——Grice’s Theory of Meaning

格莱斯的意义理论是语用学的重要基石之一。在1948年写成的《意义》一文中,格莱斯区分了自然和非自然两种意义,并使用说话者的意图来解释非自然意义。随后,格莱斯进一步发展了非自然意义理论,并提出了会话含义和合作原则。以意图、会话含义和合作原则等重要概念为基础,梳理并探讨格莱斯的意义理论。

Herbert Paul Grice’s theory of meaning is one of the foundations for the study of pragmatics. In the 1948 article Meaning, Grice laid the theoretical groundwork for the study of meaning by describing “natural meaning” and “non-natural meaning”, which attempted to explain nonnatural meaning based on the idea of a speakers’ intentions. Grice further developed the theory of non-natural meaning, and proposed conversational implicature and the Cooperative Principle. This paper discussed Grice’s theory of meaning, centering on its most important concepts-intention, conversational implicature and the Cooperative Principle.