水体突发污染事件在线生物监测技术的发展和应用分析

A Review on the Development and Application of the Online Biomonitoring Technologies for Water Pollution Incidents

自1800s以来,经过2个世纪的发展,针对水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术越来越完善,其所采用的分析指标主要包括生物行为变化(1900s 至目前)、生物新陈代谢变化(1800s 至目前)和生物电变化(1980s 至目前)等3种,其中,应用最广泛、发展最完善的为基于生物行为指标的在线生物监测技术。进入21世纪以来,在线生物监测技术得到快速发展和普遍应用。中国、美国、德国、韩国和瑞典等国家已经大规模应用基于不同生物指标的在线生物监测技术,以实现对水体突发污染事件的有效监管。随着计算和分析技术的进一步发展,在线生物监测技术也会越来越完善,在维持社会稳定、保证经济可持续发展以及保障人民饮水安全方面将会发挥越来越重要的作用。

Since 1800s, the online biomonitoring technologies for water pollution incidents have been developed greatly for two centuries, in which the evaluation index include behavior responses (from 1900s), metabolism (from 1800s), and bioelectricity (from 1980s). The online biomonitoring technologies based on behavior responses of aquatic organisms are the most widely used and the most developed. In order to monitor and deal with water pollution incidents, the online biomonitoring technologies are developed more rapidly and used more widely in Twenty-first Century, especially in China, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Sweden and other countries. It is believed that the online biomonitoring technologies will be more and more important to maintaining social stability, ensuring sustainable economic development and ensuring the safety of drinking water with further development of computational and analytical techniques.