钴在土壤和植物系统中的迁移转化行为及其毒性

The Migration and Transformation of Cobalt in Soil-Plant System and Its Toxicity

钴是人与动植物必需的微量元素,但土壤环境中过量的钴可通过土壤-粮食/蔬菜-人与动物等途径进入人体或动植物体内,对其产生危害,因此有必要了解土壤中钴的含量,应该将钴纳入必须检测与掌控的指标。然而,我国目前对于土壤中钴的含量却没有一个明确的评价体系,致使无法有效地对土壤中钴的含量进行评价和管控,从而给土壤以及人和动植物的健康都带来一定的风险。本文通过整理近20多年的国内外文献资料,综述了钴的特点、应用、形态、含量、毒性、评估方法,指出了现行对土壤中钴污染风险评估体系中存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。

Cobalt is an essential trace element for humans, animals and plants, but excessive cobalt in soil environ- ment is harmful to them when accumulating in their bodies through soil-grain/vegetable-human and animal chains. It is thus necessary to determine the concentration of cobalt in soil, and cobalt should be included as a priority parameter for monitoring and control. However, there is no specific evaluation system for cobalt pollution in soil in China, which could lead to ineffective evaluation and control of the cobalt concentration in soil, and thereby bring health risks to the soil, humans, animals and plants. This paper summarized the domestic and foreign literature data from the past two decades, concerning the characteristics of cobalt, its application, morphology, concentration, tox- icity and evaluation methods, and pointed out the problems existing in the current risk evaluation system for cobalt pollution in soil and the perspectives for future research.