粤语方言区风土建筑谱系分类与基质研究

Classification and Characteristics of Vernacular Architecture Pedigree in the Cantonese Dialect Area

文章梳理了粤语方言区风土建筑已有的相关研究,分析了粤语方言区风土建筑谱系和周边建筑谱系的整体关系及跨国的影响。并以方言分区为参考,结合风土建筑的基质特征、文化地理、历史行政边界等因素,尝试将粤语方言区风土建筑谱系划分为广府、四邑、高阳—吴化—钦廉和邕浔—勾漏四个片区。并从聚落形态、宅院形制、结构类型、装饰技艺和营造禁忌这五个基质方面对各片区进行了详细解析。探明了谱系的划分呈现出“客占山,粤溯河,闽沿海”的趋势,在三者的共同影响下,粤语方言区风土聚落和建筑在各个片区呈现出各自独特的形态,表现出丰富的变化。

This paper reviews the existing studies on vernacular architecture in the Cantonese dialect area, analysing the relationships between vernacular architectural pedigrees in the Cantonese dialect area and surrounding areas as well as their international influences. Using the classification of dialect sub-areas as a reference and combining related factors, such as cultural geography, historical administrative boundaries and basic architectural characteristics, the vernacular architecture of the Cantonese dialect area was divided into four architectural sub-areas: Guangfu (Khanfu), Siyi (Sze-yap), Gaoyang– Wuhua–Qinlian and Yongxun–Goulou. This study analyses each sub-area using five basic characteristics: settlement morphology, courtyard forms, structural typology, decoration techniques and construction taboos. In general, the distribution of vernacular architectural pedigree shows that the Hakka tend to occupy mountainous areas, the Cantonese spread along rivers, while the Min live along the coastline. Under the combined influence of these three groups, the vernacular settlements and buildings in the Cantonese dialect area show distinctive forms with abundant variations.