香洲埠与中山港——兼论历史事件影响下的乡土建成遗产保护问题

Xiangzhoubu and Zhongshangang:Conservation of Vernacular Built Heritage Influenced by Historical Events

毗邻港澳的香山地区自近代以来便得西方风气之先。凭借地理位置的便利性,香山南部临近澳门的地区曾出现过两次城市发展的现代化尝试,分别是1908年在清政府鼓励下由华侨实业家王诜、伍于政等人集股投资的“香洲埠”,和1929年由国民党元老唐绍仪继承总理遗志在中山模范县基础上设置的“中山港”。文章梳理相关历史文献,结合两地的历史地理和建筑遗存信息,从空间研究的角度,对比在国运式微、政局剧变的短短20多年间这两次背景、主体、方式不同,但区位、目的、结局相似的现代化尝试。虽然它们都以失败告终,但均为寄托国家未来发展期望的极有价值的现代化探索,因此都具有重要的遗产价值。如今,香洲埠已成现代化城区,中山港所在的唐家村仍是乡土村落,如何从遗产保护的角度认识和理解此类遗产,也是文章进一步思考的问题。

Xiangshan County (alternative spelling, Hsiang-shan) was a pioneering area during China’s opening to the West. Because of its advantageous location adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, the area experienced two new town experiments during the early 20th century: Xiangzhoubu and Zhongshangang. Xiangzhoubu was supported by the Qing Government and in 1908, the overseas Chinese industrialists Wang Shen and Wu Yuzheng invested in the town. In 1929, Zhongshangang was established in Zhongshan County by a senior Kuomintang statesman, Tang Shaoyi, to continue the work started by the Prime Minister, Sun Yat-sen. Using related historical materials and historical– geographical information as well as architectural remains of these two sites, this study compares these two new trial towns over two decades during China’s declining national fortune and drastic political changes. These changes had different backgrounds, leaders and approaches, yet similar aims, locations and outcomes, and both ended up in failure. Even so, they were valuable explorations of modernisation that were based on the hopes of the future development of the country. Xiangzhoubu is today a modernised downtown district of Zhuhai, while Zhongshangang remains a village, yet their vernacular buildings carry heritage values which are different from other towns due to the historical events.