论鲁迅的“南京记忆”——以其“自我”的形成与表现为中心

A Study of Lu Xun’s “Memory of Nanjing”: Centered on the Formation and Performance of His “Selfness”

1898年5月至1902年2月,鲁迅在南京求学近四年。1922年他在《呐喊·自序》中第一次正面写及南京求学生活,做了选择性、重构性的叙述。决定这种叙述方式的,是其作为“作家”的自我呈现与“弃医从文”的逻辑。1926年在《琐记》中再次讲述南京生活,则强调《天演论》的阅读体验,并进一步突显了自己“前行者”“寻路人”的形象。他在南京求学期间之所以对医学感兴趣,不仅与其父亲的病有关,而且与其祖父的《恒训》有关。鲁迅的“立人”思想、进化论观念、对西医的认同等等,均可在南京求学生活中找到原点。

From May 1898 to February 1902, Lu Xun studied in Nanjing for nearly four years, one life experience which was depicted later, in a narrative way of selection and reconstruction, in his preface for Na Han (1922). What determines this kind of narration is his self-presentation as a “writer” and a logic of “his giving up medicine for literature, a life pursuit”. His school life, was restored again in Suo Ji (1926), in which a reading experience of Evolution and Ethics is emphasized, and his image of "pioneer" and "explorer" was highlighted. His interests in medicine, during his study in Nanjing, lies in not only his strong desire to cure his father’s illness, but also his learning of grandfather’s Heng Xun . Lu Xun’s thought of “cultivating people”, his concept of evolution, and his recognition of western medicine, therefore, all grew from his school life in Nanjing.