日本殖民控制下台湾山地的“换蕃”变迁(1895—1929)

The Transition of “Aborigines Trade” in Taiwan Mountainous Regions under Japanese Colonial Control (1895—1929)

“换蕃”通常指台湾少数民族将采集、猎取的山林物资与商人或政府提供的商品进行交换的行为。“换蕃”由来已久,在台湾山地社会生活中发挥着十分重要的作用。日据初期,为稳定山地治安和收集“蕃社”情报,抚垦署利用“换蕃”“抚育”台湾少数民族。随着殖民压迫的加重,殖民当局对台湾少数民族进行“换蕃”控制,打击汉人通事主导的“蕃产”走私,并最终将“换蕃”收归官营。武力征服山地后,殖民当局利用多样化的“换蕃”形式辅助“同化”台湾少数民族,将其日常生活纳入殖民地经济体系当中。“换蕃”的变迁具有相当明显的象征意义,深刻反映了总督府“理蕃”政策的扩张性和殖民控制的强制性。

“Aborigines Trade” generally refers to the behavior of using the collected or hunted materials in the mountains by aborigines in exchange with goods provided by businessmen or the government.In fact the practice of the trade has a long history which has played a significant role in the social life of Taiwan Mountainous Region.At the initial stage of Japanese occupation Fu-Ken-Shu utilized Aborigines Trade to foster the aborigines in order to stabilize the public security of mountainous regions and collect information about aborigines groups.However with the aggravation of colonial coercion the colonial government exerted control over the aborigines in the trade cracked down on the “Aborigines product” smug gling led by Han interpreters and finally nationalized the trade.After conquering the mountain regions by force the colonial government took advantage of the diversified forms of the trade to assimilate the aborigines bringing their daily life into the colonial economic system.Therefore this paper believes that the changes of the “Aborigines Trade” have fairly obvious sym bolic significance which reflects the expansive policy of the colonial government on “handling the aborigines” and the coer civeness in its colonial control.