森林管护对森林生态安全的响应成效与影响路径分析

Analysis on the Response Effectiveness and Influence Path of Forest Management and Protection to Forest Ecological Security

基于黑龙江省国有林区的数据,运用PSR模型构建了重点国有林区森林生态安全评价指标体系并运用熵权法进行权数确定,对2007—2016年的森林生态安全状况及森林管护对森林生态安全的响应成效进行分析。在此基础上,通过主成分分析及结构方程模型中的路径分析对森林生态压力、森林安全状态、森林管护响应及全面禁伐之间的综合影响路径进行分析。结果表明:在各项森林管护措施的积极作用下,森林管护对森林生态安全状况的响应成效十分显著。2007—2016年黑龙江省国有林区的森林生态安全状况处于持续上升的态势,黑龙江省国有林区的森林生态安全状况从最初的不安全状态,再到2010年以后持续稳定在一般安全状态,最后在2016年一跃达到了安全状态。森林生态压力对森林安全状态的提升具有负向影响。森林管护响应对森林安全状态的提升具有正向影响。全面禁伐作为国有林区改革进程中的一项重要森林管护政策对于减小森林生态压力提升森林安全状态发挥了重要的作用。因此,提出坚决走出“先污染后治理”的生态治理困境;积极践行“两山论”这一习近平生态文明建设思想的重要论断;全面加强天然林资源的保护及培育工作等建议。

⑴ Background--Under the background of the reform of state-owned forest areas,the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province are taken as an example to discuss the response effectivenessand specific impact path of forest management and protection to forest ecological security.⑵ Methods--Firstly,the PSR model was used to establish a forest ecological security evaluation index system for state-owned forestareas in Heilongjiang Province.From the three aspects of forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection,the evaluation indexes were selected to evaluate the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2016.On this basis,the comprehensive score of each year s index data was calculated by using the principal component analysis method,which was used as the representative of each year s forest ecological pressure,forest security status and response of forest management and protection.Combined with the comprehensive logging ban policy,the comprehensive influence path of forest ecological security was obtained by Amos software.⑶ Results--First,the forest ecological security status of state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province is generally on the rise in 2007-2016.The comprehensive index of forest ecological security rose from 0.238 in unsafe state in 2007 to 0.721 in safe state in 2016.However,the pressure of forest ecological security has always been relatively large.Therefore,it can be seen that the response effectiveness of forest management and protection to forest ecological security is significant.Second,from the results of the comprehensive impact path of forest ecological security,it can be known that the forest ecological pressure has a negative impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the influence path coefficient is -0.431.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the negative impact of forest ecological pressure on forest security status.The response of forest management and protection has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the impact path coefficient is 0.486.Therefore,we should expand the positive impact of forest management and protection on forest ecological security from the aspects of increasing investment in forest ecological environment protection,expanding the area of artificial afforestation and increasing the area of forest management and protection.The comprehensive logging ban policy has a positive impact on the improvement of forest security status,and the comprehensive impact path coefficient is 0.66.Therefore,it is necessary to further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy and give full play to its positive influence on forest ecological environment.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions--The implementation of various forest management measures has a significant effect on the comprehensive response of forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.The forest ecological construction project represented by “Tianbao Project” has played a important role in improving the regional forest ecological environment and improving the forest ecological security status. Reducing the destruction of forest ecological environment by human economic and social activities,gradually reducing forest ecological pressure,and further expanding the positive response of various forest management and protection measures,is conducive to improving forest ecological security in state-owned forest areas.Therefore,the following suggestions are made.First,we should further increase investment in the pollution control of forest ecological environment.Second,we should continue to increase support for forest ecological construction.Third,we should further promote the implementation of the comprehensive logging ban policy throughout the country.