正当防卫制度客观要件比较研究——基于中日美三国的分析

A Comparative Study of the Objective Requirements of Justifiable Defense System——Based on the Analysis of China,Japan and the United States

基于对中日美三国正当防卫的法律地位、立法模式的分析,进而在比较三者在正当防卫的防卫起因、防卫时间、防卫对象、防卫限度以及相关司法适用的基础上,发现我国、日本、美国在防卫挑拨、警察防卫权、防卫装置、饲养的动物致害、退避义务以及特别防卫权等方面均有特别的规定。日本刑法制度对于判断不法侵害的“客观说”,美国刑事法律对于防卫装置、退避义务等的规定,对于我国刑法正当防卫制度均具有重要的借鉴意义和参考价值。

Based on the analysis of the legal status and legislative model of the legitimate defense of China, Japan and the United States, and then comparing the three causes of defense, defense time, defense targets, defense limits and related judicial application in defense, we found that China, Japan, United States has special provisions on defense provocation, police defense, defense devices, animal damage, retreat obligations and4 special defense rights. The “objective theory” of the Japanese criminal law system for judging illegal infringement and the provisions of the American criminal law on defense devices and retreat obligations have important reference significance and reference value for the justifiable defense system of China's criminal law.