论共同危险行为的免责事由

Exemption Excuses of Common Dangerous Behaviors

共同危险行为的理论基础从主观关联共同说转向了客观关联共同说,免责事由也相应地由因果关系证明说转向了因果关系排除说.因果关系排除说下,共同危险行为人只需证明行为与损害结果之间无因果关系即可免责。<民法典(草案)>第949条对免责事由仍采取模糊处理的方式,建议删除条文中“能够确定具体侵权人的,由侵权人承担责任”,以明确采用因果关系排除说。

The theoretical basis of the common dangerous behavior has shifted from the subjective association to the objective association, and the exemption excuses have also shifted from causal proof to causal exclusion. In terms of the exclusion of causal relationship, the common dangerous agent can be excused only by proving that there is no causal relationship between the behavior and the damage result. Article 949 of the Civil Code(Draft) still adopts a vague way of exempting the excuses. It is proposed to delete the phrase "the infringer should assume the responsibility when the specific infringer can be confirmed" in order to explicitly adopt the causality exclusion.