单纯血尿和/或轻度蛋白尿IgA肾病临床病理分析

Clinicopathological analysis for IgA nephropathy with isolated hematuria and/or mild proteinuria

目的:探讨单纯血尿和/或轻度蛋白尿IgA肾病患者的不同尿检异常类型、不同蛋白尿及血尿程度与肾脏病理的关系。方法:选择在中南大学湘雅二医院肾内科2013年1月至2018年1月经肾活检确诊的、临床表现为单纯血尿和/或轻度蛋白尿的原发性IgA肾病患者。根据肾活检时尿沉渣红细胞计数及24 h尿蛋白定量(quantitative of 24-hoururinary protein,24 h-UP)对所有患者进行3种方式的分组:单纯血尿组、血尿+蛋白尿组、单纯蛋白尿组;蛋白尿I,II,III组;血尿I,II,III组。比较各组患者的年龄、平均动脉压、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血尿酸、24 h-UP等临床指标以及肾脏病理损伤程度。结果:纳入157例患者,其中男71例,女86例。病理类型以局灶和/或节段硬化型最多见,Lee’s分级以III级和IV级为主,肾脏病理损伤较重。免疫球蛋白沉积以单纯IgA沉积为主,IgA沉积荧光强度以+++最多见,97例(61.78%)的患者伴有补体沉积,且以单纯补体C3沉积为主。单纯血尿组18例(11.47%),血尿+蛋白尿组111例(70.70%),单纯蛋白尿组28例(17.83%)。单纯蛋白尿组与单纯血尿组相比,轻度肾损伤患者比例降低,中重度肾损伤患者比例增高(χ2=7.053,P=0.008);单纯蛋白尿组与血尿+蛋白尿组相比,轻度肾损伤患者比例降低,中重度肾损伤患者比例增高(χ2=4.294,P=0.038);蛋白尿III组与蛋白尿I组相比,轻度肾损伤患者比例降低,中重度肾损伤患者比例增高(χ2=5.433,P=0.020)。不同血尿组肾脏病理损伤差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:单纯血尿和/或轻度蛋白尿IgA肾病患者临床表现与肾脏病理损伤程度不一致。部分临床表现轻微的患者肾脏病理损伤较重,且以出现单纯蛋白尿时更明显;蛋白尿越多,肾脏病理损伤越重。

Objective: To investigate the correlation of different types of urinary abnormalities or different proteinuria and hematuria with the pathological injury of kidney in IgA nephropathy with isolated hematuria and/or mild proteinuria. Methods: Patients with primary IgA nephropathy, isolated hematuria and/or mild proteinuriawere enrolled in the Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2013 to January 2018. According to the difference of red blood cell count in urinary sediment and quantitative of 24-hour urinary protein (24 h-UP) during renal biopsy, the patients were grouped in 3 ways: a simple hematuria group, a hematuria and proteinuria group, and a simple proteinuria group;a proteinuria I group, a proteinuria II group, and a proteinuria III group;a hematuria I group, a hematuria II group, and a hematuria III group. The clinical parameters such as age, mean arterial pressure, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, 24 h-UP, and renal pathological damage were compared. Results: A total of 157 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 71 males and 86 females. The most common pathological type was focal and/or segmental glomerulosclerosis. The Lee’s classification were dominated by grade III and IV, and the renal pathological injury was heavy. Immunoglobulin deposition was dominated by simple IgA deposition. The most common fluorescence intensity of IgA deposition was +++. 97 (61.78%) patients were accompanied by complement deposition and were mainly composed of simple complement C3 deposition. There were 18 patients (11.47%) in the simple hematuria group, 111 patients (70.70%) in the hematuria and proteinuria group, and 28 patients (17.83%) in the simple proteinuria group. Compared with the simple hematuria group, the proportion of patients with mild injury was lower in the simple proteinuria group, and the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe injuries was increased (χ2=7.053, P=0.008). Compared with the hematuria and proteinuria group, the proportion of patients with mild injury was lower in the simple proteinuria group, and the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe injury was increased (χ2=4.294, P=0.038). Compared with the proteinuria I group, the proportion of patients with mild injury was lower in the proteinuria III group, and the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe injury was increased (χ2=5.433, P=0.020). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with renal pathological injury among different hematuria groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of patients with IgA nephropathy with hematuria and/or mild proteinuria are inconsistent with renal pathological damage. Some patients with mild clinical manifestations have severe renal pathological damage and the renal pathological damage is more serious in simple proteinuria. The more proteinuria, the heavier the renal pathological damage.