不同间作模式对马铃薯光合特性的影响

Effects of different intercropping patterns on photosynthetic characteristics of potato

为解决马铃薯连作障碍问题,探寻合理间作模式,通过对马铃薯单作(P)、马铃薯间作玉米(P‖M)、马铃薯间作蚕豆(P‖B)3种种植模式下马铃薯叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)等光合参数及Fo、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo等叶绿素荧光参数进行监测,比较3种种植模式下马铃薯的光合特性,揭示不同间作模式对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响.结果表明:在马铃薯生长发育前期P‖M、P‖B处理的马铃薯叶片Pn、Gs、Tr高于P处理,在6月12日(苗期)测得P‖B、P‖M处理的Pn较P处理分别高43.26%、41.92%,存在极显著差异.7月7日(现蕾期)测得数据显示,P处理的马铃薯Pn降低,但Ci呈现升高趋势,说明其光合作用受非气孔因素限制.同时P‖M与P‖B处理的马铃薯SPAD较P处理分别高16.51%、7.90%,达到显著水平;并且测得Fo显著高于间作模式,SPAD与Fo呈正相关关系,Fo、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo变化与同时期光合速率呈负相关关系,表明间作模式在马铃薯生长发育早期可显著促进其叶绿素含量增加,提高马铃薯光合反应速率并促进其生长发育.在产量方面,P处理的马铃薯产量、商品薯率较P‖B处理显著高42.87%;但P处理与P‖M处理相比其马铃薯产量无显著差异,且P‖M处理土地当量比大于1,能够高效利用土地资源.在本次试验中,P‖M处理能够促进马铃薯生长发育,提高土地产出,增加土地利用效率.

In order to solve the problem of potato continuous cropping and explore a reasonable intercropping mode. Set three planting modes: potato single crop (P), potato intercropping corn (P‖M), and potato intercropped broad bean (P‖B). Determination of relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), Fo, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and other parameters of potato. To compare the effects of three planting patterns on the photosynthetic characteristics of potato, and to reveal the effects of different intercropping patterns on potato growth and yield. The results showed that the Pn, Gs and Tr of potato leaves under P‖M treatment and P‖B treatment were higher than those of P treatment. On June 12 (seed period), the net photosynthetic rate of P‖B and P‖M treatments was 43.26% and 41.92% higher than that of P treatment, respectively. There was a significant difference. At the tuber formation stage on July 7 (the bud stage), the Pn of P treated potato decreased, but Ci showed an increasing trend, indicating that its photosynthesis was restricted by non-stomatal factors. At the same time, the data measured on July 7 (the bud stage) showed that the P‖M treatment and the P‖B treated potato SPAD were 16.51% and 7.90% higher than the P treatment, respectively, reaching a significant level. The chlorophyll fluorescence Fo was significantly higher than that of the intercropping model. SPAD and Fo were positively correlated, and the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fo, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo measured at this time were also negatively correlated with photosynthesis rate at the same time. It indicates that the intercropping pattern can significantly promote the increase of chlorophyll content, increase the photosynthetic rate of potato and promote its growth and development in the early stage of potato growth and development. The yield of potato and commercial potato under single treatment was significantly higher than that of P‖B treatment, which was 42.87%. However, there was no significant difference in potato yield between P treatment and P‖M treatment, and P‖M treatment land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than 1, P‖M treatment can make efficient use of land resources. In this experiment, P‖M treatment can undoubtedly promote potato growth and development, increase land output, and improve land use efficiency.