标准吞咽功能评估量表联合标准饮食护理在脑血管病吞咽障碍患者中的应用价值

The application value of SSA combined with standard dietary nursing measures in preventing aspiration of patients with cerebral stroke

目的探讨标准吞咽功能评估量表(standardized swallowing assessment,SSA)联合标准饮食护理措施在预防脑卒中患者发生误吸方面的应用效果。方法选取神经内科2016年8月至2018年2月住院的脑卒中患者132例,均采用SSA评估工具,评估患者的吞咽功能,筛查出吞咽障碍患者100例,按单双号随机分为试验组和对照组,每组50例。2组分别给予常规护理和标准的饮食护理干预,观察2组患者发生误吸的例次和程度、营养状况、住院费用、住院天数。结果 2组患者误吸发生情况呛咳、噎食、窒息、吸入性肺炎的发生、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、住院费用和住院天数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SSA评估联合标准饮食护理措施可以有效降低脑卒中患者误吸的发生,改善营养状况,降低住院费用,值得临床推广使用。

Objective To investigate the application value of standard swallowing function assessment scale(Standardized Swallowing Assessment,SSA) combined with standard dietary nursing measures in preventing aspiration of patients with cerebral stroke. Methods A total of 132 patients with cerebral stroke who were admitted and treated in our hospital from August 2016 to February 2018 were enrolled in the study. The swallowing function of patients was evaluated by SSA assessment means,and 100 patients with dysphagia were screened out,who were randomly divided into experimental group(n = 50) and control group(n = 50). The patients in the two groups were treated by routine nursing measures and standard dietary nursing intervention measures,respectively. The frequency and degree of aspiration, nutritional status, cost of hospitalization and the length of staying hospital were observed and comapred between the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of cough,choking,asphyxia,aspiration pneumonia,the levels of ALB and Hb,and hospitalization expenses and the length of staying in hospital between the two groups(P < 0. 05). Conclusion SSA evaluation combined with standard dietary nursing measures can effectively reduce the incidence rate of aspiration in patients with cerebral stroke,improve nutritional status,lower hospitalization costs,thus,it is worthy of application and popularization in clinical practice.