基于东北地区耕地增减变化的资源环境保护策略

Conservation of land resource from the perspective of increase and decrease of cultivated land in Northeast China

耕地和生态用地是维持生态安全和可持续发展的重要屏障,研究其动态变化特征及转化关系,将为生态环境保护决策提供依据,以东北地区为实证区,采用1990、1995、2000、2005.2010.2015年6期Landsat遥感影像为数据源,利用耕地动态度和土地利用转变矩阵量化数量变化研究结果表明:东北地区生态用地转化为耕地是耕地转化为生态用地的3.11倍,生态用地中主要是林地和草地与耕地转化相对活跃,水域与耕地间的转化面积相对较小;黑龙江省和吉林省耕地面积的增减变化均使得生态用地逐期减少,仍需加强未利用地的合理开发;建设用地通过占用耕地扩张迅速.耕地流向生态用地变少;生态用地流向耕地和耕地流向建设用地的土地流动格局使东北地区生态用地面临巨大的压力;严格控制草地开垦和建设用地的无序扩张、严禁毁林开荒是未来东北地区加强土地资源保护、促进经济与生态协调发展的有效途径。

The cultivated land and the ecological land are important factors to maintain the ecological security and the sustainable development. Identifying their dynamic evolution and the transformation relationship will provide a decision-making basis for the ecological environment protection. With Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China as the empirical areas, this paper quantifies the change matrix between the cultivated land and the other types of land based on the Landsat remote sensing images of 1990, 1995, 2000,2005, 2010 and 2015 as the data sources. The results show that: in northeast China, the conversion of the ecological land into the cultivated land is 3.11 times of that of the cultivated land into the ecological land, where the forest land and the grassland are more active than the waters among the ecological land;the change of the cultivated land area reduces the ecological land step by step in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, so it is desirable to emphasize the rational development of the unused land;the construction land has expanded rapidly through occupying the cultivated land, therefore the flow of the cultivated land to the ecological land is hampered;The flow pattern of ecological land to cultivated land and cultivated land to construction land made land resources face great pressure in Northeast China;Reducing grassland reclamation and controlling the disordered expansion of construction land were the vital methods to protect land resources;Moreover, preventing opening up wasteland and deforestation were also important to facilitate better coordinated development between economy and environment.