空间抽样中最优单元尺寸确定方法研究

Study on the Method of Determining the Optimal Unit Size in Spatial Sampling

在依据空间区域抽样框进行抽样设计中,抽样单元尺寸的大小影响着估计精度和调查成本,依据主观经验划分单元尺寸会对抽样精度和成本带来很大影响。基于单元尺寸、调查成本等影响因素,构造考虑空间抽样的交通、设计和调查的成本函数,给出成本约束下总体总量有效估计的最优单元尺寸的确定方法。以陕西省GDP的总量估计为例进行了实证研究,结果表明:在成本约束下,基于最优单元尺寸的抽样框相比于其它尺寸抽样框的样本方差较小,具有较高抽样估计精度。

In the spatial sampling based on the area sampling frame,the size of the unit directly influences the accuracy of the sampling estimation and the investigation cost.Dividing the size of the spatial unit according to the subjective experience inevitably has a great influence on the precision of the sampling estimation.It constructs a cost function that is based on the factors such as unit size,traffic and investigation costs,and gives the method of determining the optimal size of the spatial sampling unit under the economic constraint when the population total is effectively estimated.Meanwhile,this paper does a empirical research which takes the population inference of GDP data of Shaanxi Province as an example.The results show that under the condition of a fixed total cost,the sampling frame based on the optimal unit size has a smaller variance than the sampling frames of other sizes,and thus has higher sampling estimation accuracy.