论清嘉庆道光年间永姚地区的社会矛盾与调适

On the Social Contradictions and Adaptation in Yong Yao Area during the Jiaqing Daoguang Period of Qing Dynasty

清中期人口骤增与乾隆中后期的社会动乱,迫使人们从平原向山地迁徙。处于滇川交界的永北、大姚等地成为黔、粤、川、楚等地移民涌入之地。移民从土司、夷人手中典租土地,开垦山林,致使夷人生存区域缩小,生活困顿。加之土司苛政,肆意摊派,社会矛盾日益突出,并于道光元年爆发了反抗土司苛政、客民剥削的武装斗争。事变被平息后,针对永、姚社会现实状况,清政府采取一系列改革措施,缓和社会矛盾、解决土地问题、发展社会生产、加强社会治理、革除陈规陋习等,在一定程度上削弱了土司特权,增强了流官对地方的管理与控制。

The sudden increase in population in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and the social turmoil in the middle and late Qianlong forced people to migrate from the plains to the mountains. Yongbei and Dayao, which are at the junction of the Yunnan and Sichuan, have become places where immigrants from Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Chu have flooded. They rent land from the toast and the Yi people, and open up forests, resulting in the reduction of the area where the Yi people live and their lives are difficult. Coupled with the harsh administration of the toast and wanton distribution, social conflicts have become increasingly prominent. Under the irreconcilable contradiction, in the first year of Dao guang, an armed struggle against the harsh governance of the toast and the exploitation of the people and the people broke out. After the incident was subsided, in response to the reality of Yong and Yaoshehui, the Qing government adopted a series of reform measures to ease social conflicts, solve land problems, develop social production, strengthen social governance, and eliminate stereotypes and habits, which weakened the privilege of the chieftain to a certain extent. Enhance the management and control of the local officials.