论马家窑文化形成的动因及传播路线

On the Causes of the Formation of Majiayao Culture and the Problems of Its Communication Route

人口压力、农业经济与狩猎、采集经济的结合是马家窑文化从仰韶文化中分化出去的主要原因。马家窑文化形成后,最先由渭河上游向洮河、大夏河和湟水流域传播。第二阶段由渭河上游向东翻越陇山进入关中平原,向南翻越西秦岭山地,经西汉水上游进入白龙江下游。第三阶段由白龙江下游经阴平道、扶文松州道南下岷江上游;由泾河上游翻越六盘山西进黄河支流清水河流域。第四阶段由湟水支流大通河下游、黄河支流庄浪河谷、乌鞘岭至河西走廊东部,由洮河下游先后进入洮河上游和白龙江上游。第五阶段在河西走廊和白龙江流域内继续扩展。

Population pressure, the combination of agricultural economy, hunting and collecting economy was the main reason for the differentiation of Majiayao culture from Yangshao culture. After the formation of the Majiayao culture, which was first spread from the upper reaches of the Weihe River to the Taohe River, the Daxiahe River and the Huangshui River. In the second stage, the Majiayao culture in the upper reaches of the Weihe River spread to the Guanzhong Plain on the east of the Longshan Mountains, and entered the lower reaches of the Bailongjiang River on the north of the Xiqinling Mountains through the upper reaches of the Xihanshui River. In the third stage, the Majiayao culture set off from the lower reaches of the Bailongjiang River to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River through the Yinping Road and Fuwen-songzhou Road, from the upper reaches of the Jinghe River crossing the Liupan Mountains to the Qingshuihe River of the Yellow River tributary. In the fourth stage, Majiayao culture spread from the lower reaches of the Datong River, which is the tributary of the Yellow River, through the Zhuanglanghe River, the Wushaoling Mountains to the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor, and from the lower reaches of the Taohe River to the upper reaches of Taohe River and the upper reaches of the Bailongjiang River. In the fifth phase, Majiayao culture continued to expand in the Hexi Corridor and Bailong River.