民国时期国立大学统一招考制度的形成与特点

The Formation and Characteristics of the Unified Entrance Examination System of National Universities in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期,1937年以前,各高校自行招收新生,教育部只对学生入学资格、同等学力学生所占比例及学科比例等予以限制。1937年后,南京国民政府迫切需要救国和建设人才,加强了对高等教育的管理。为满足高校人才选拔的实际需要,教育部对大学的招生考试制度进行了重大的改革。1938-1940年,国民政府实行国立各院校统一招考。统一招考制度在特殊的历史条件下形成并发展,对当时的学生、学校及国家均产生了深远的影响。

In the period of the Republic of China,before 1937, colleges and universities enrolled new students on their own. The Ministry of Education only limited the enrollment qualification of students, the proportion of equivalent students and the proportion of subjects. After 1937,the Nanjing National Government urgently needed to save the nation and build talents, and strengthened the management of higher education. In order to meet the actual needs of talent selection in colleges and universities, the Ministry of Education has carried out a major reform of the college entrance examination system. From 1938 to 1940, the National Government implemented the unified enrollment of national colleges and universities. The unified entrance examination system was formed and developed under special historical conditions, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of students, schools and the country at that time.