中国古代儿童观的嬗变——基于古代艺术儿童形象之维

The Evolution of Children’s View in Ancient China——Based on the Artistic Image of Children in Ancient Art

当代教育学的一个基本立场就是对儿童的重新发现。通过剖析中国古代艺术史上的儿童形象,以全新的儿童艺术形象视角对中国古代儿童观进行审视,以期丰富和加深对中国古代儿童观的理解。对中国不同时期艺术品中的儿童形象进行分析,可以清晰展现出古代中国儿童观的发展轨迹是逐渐发现儿童的过程。在此过程中,儿童的艺术形象所体现的儿童观与传统封建伦理下的儿童观形成了巨大的反差。从一定程度上来说,古代中国儿童观一直在传统封建伦理和朴素自然儿童观的夹缝之中,由神秘化向世俗化转变,由附庸于成人到独立于成人转变,由单向性到复杂性转变,最终形成了自身独特的一套儿童理论体系。这启发当代教育:儿童世界是面向生活的世界,在儿童教育中是社会本位取向与个体本位取向的统一。

A basic standpoint of contemporary pedagogy is the rediscovery of children. Through the analysis of children's artistic images in ancient Chinese art history, this paper examines ancient Chinese children's views from a new perspective of children's artistic images, in order to enrich and deepen the understanding of ancient Chinese children's views. Through the analysis of the children's artistic images in different periods of Chinese art, it clearly shows the development track of the view of children in ancient China. In general, it is a process of gradually discovering children. In this process, the children's view embodied in children's artistic image has had a huge contrast with that embodied in traditional feudal ethics. To a certain extent, the ancient Chinese view of children has been in the gap between the traditional feudal ethics and the simple concept of natural children. It has changed from mystical to secular, from dependence on adults to independence from adults, from one-way to complexity, and finally formed its own unique set of children's theoretical system. Based on this, the children's world in contemporary education is a lifeoriented world,and in the education orientation of children, it is the unity of social standard and individualstandard.