20世纪后半叶党的文艺政策对中国文学外译的影响

On the Influence of CPC’s Art and Literature Policy on the State-sponsored Outw ard Literary Translation,1949-2000

20世纪后半叶,中国文学与政治关联紧密。文艺政策作为两者互动的中介,不仅规范和组织文艺创作,而且很大程度上支配或影响着这一时期国家机构文学对外翻译活动。其影响既表现为文艺政策为文学外译发展规定了方向,为有组织、系统性的对外文学翻译活动起到积极的促进作用,又体现了对文学对外翻译的限制作用。自建国初期建立起来的国家机构文学对外译介模式或体制,经历了文艺政策在文革时期极端左倾,再到自80年代新时期以来对自身重新修正后,文学外译努力回归文学并迎来了短暂发展,其与文艺政策关系也开始逐渐复杂,再到进入20世纪末后这种译介模式最终搁浅。从建国后十七年、文革时期以及文革后到20世纪末这三个历史时期,分析文艺政策对中国文学外译所产生的具体影响,可更深入地探讨政治与国家机构文学外译之间的关系,并为当下中国文学更好地走出去提供启示。

During the second half of the 20 th century,literature w as closely bound up with politics,and the CPC ’s art and literature policy governed,in one way or another,both literary creation and state-sponsored outw ard translation of Chinese literature. On the one hand,art and literary policy guided the general direction of the systemic translation of Chinese literature,on the other,it also constrained the translation activity. Although the translation of Chinese literature had tried to embark on a quest for literature per se and a new development after the modification of the art and literature policy of the Cultural Revolution period since 1980 s,the statesponsored translation mode or system established during the first seventeen years of the PRC largely came to a halt at the end of the tw entieth century. The analysis of how the ever-changing art and literature policy in the three historical periods,i. e. the 17 years after the founding of the PRC,the Cultural Revolution,and the years thenceforth to the end of the last century,influenced the translation of Chinese literature is expected to deepen our understanding of the political relevance of national outw ard translation practice and to offer some insight for the state’s policymaking concerning the ongoing outw ard translation initiatives in the 21 stcentury.