内蒙古河套灌区秋浇对区域尺度地下水水化学影响分析——以义长灌域为例

Autumn Irrigation Alerted the Geochemistry of Groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District:Take Yichang Irrigation District as an Example

【目的】了解灌区秋浇对区域地下水水化学过程的影响。【方法】在测试八大离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-、CO32-)的基础上,综合运用数理统计和水文地球化学分析方法,分析灌区地下水水化学特征。【结果】灌溉后,该灌域整体上Cl-、SO42-、K++Na+、Mg2+、HCO3-的质量浓度增大,而Ca2+质量浓度略有减小,TDS呈现南高北低的分布状态;根据Piper 三线图分析,灌溉前后该区域地下水类型均以Cl-Na型为主,占比分别为75%和61%,相比灌溉前,灌溉后出现Mg-SO4-Cl 型,占比约为16.7%;由Gibbs 模式和离子比例系数图得出,该区域地下水主要受蒸发浓缩以及硅铝酸盐和蒸发岩风化溶滤作用的控制,大气降水对其影响不大。【结论】秋浇之后地下水TDS平均增加约32.9%,说明秋浇对土壤盐分的淋滤作用明显,加强秋浇之后地下水排水力度,对于提高灌区排水排盐效果具有十分重要的作用。

【Objective】Surface infiltration could change biogeochemical reactions in groundwater thereby alerting its chemical compositions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the responsive change in chemical composition of groundwater to infiltration following the autumn irrigation in irrigation districts.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District, during which we measured the change in concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2-, Cl-, HCO3 - and CO3 2- and then statistically analyzed them.【Result】The irrigation increased the concentration of Cl-, SO4 2-, K++Na+, Mg2+ and HCO3 -, but slightly reduced the concentration of Ca2+. The TDS was higher in south and lower in north of the irrigation district. The Piper diagram showed that the Cl-Na was the dominant groundwater type, accounted for 75% and 61% of the studied area before and after the irrigation respectively. Irrigation turned groundwater in 16.7% of the studied area to Mg-SO4-Cl type. The Gibbs model and ion proportional coefficient diagram revealed that the chemistry of groundwater in the studied region was mediated by evaporation, weathering and leaching of silicate and evaporite, and is independent of precipitation.【Conclusion 】The mean TDS in the groundwater increased by 32.9% after the autumn irrigation, indicating the impact of soil leaching. Improving drainage after the autumn irrigation is hence essential.