132例输血不良反应病例回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of 132 cases of adverse transfusion reactions

目的分析受血者发生输血不良反应的影响因素,探讨降低输血不良反应的措施。方法选取2016-2018年清远市人民医院输血患者共26698例(48723袋),其中发生输血不良反应132例,分析其临床分布特点及影响因素。结果近3年全院输血不良反应发生率为0.49%(132/26698),发热反应发生率最高,共83例(0.31%),其次是过敏反应47例(0.18%)。在各种血液成分中,输注手工浓缩血小板的不良反应发生率最高(5.99%),其次是单采血小板(1.27%)及悬浮红细胞(0.52%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同ABO血型患者输血不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同血液成分、性别、年龄、有无输血史的输血不良反应发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输血不良反应受多种因素的影响,输注不同血液成分引起的不良反应发生率不同,女性患者、成年人、有输血史者更容易发生输血不良反应。医务人员应严格把握输血指征,加强输血知识培训,提高输血安全性。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of adverse reactions of blood transfusion in recipients,and to explore measures to reduce adverse reactions of blood transfusion. Methods A total of 26 698 cases (48 723 bags) of blood transfusion patients in Qingyuan People′s Hospital from 2016 to 2018 were selected.And 132 cases of adverse reactions of blood transfusion occurred,and their clinical distribution characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. Results In the past three years,the incidence of transfusion reactions was 0.49%(132/26 698).The incidence of febrile reaction was the highest in 83 cases (0.31%) and followed by allergic reactions in 47 cases (0.18%).Among all kinds of blood components,the incidence of adverse reactions of manual platelet concentrate transfusion was the highest (5.99%),followed by single donor platelet (1.27%) and suspended red blood cells (0.52%),and the differences were statistically significant( P < 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the incidence of transfusion reactions among patients with different ABO blood groups ( P >0.05).But there were significant differences in the incidence of transfusion reactions among different blood components,gender,age and history of blood transfusion ( P <0.05). Conclusion Adverse reactions to blood transfusion are affected by many factors.The incidence of adverse reactions caused by different blood components is different.The female patients,the adult group and the patients with history of blood transfusion are all more likely to have adverse reactions of blood transfusion.Medical staff should strictly grasp the indications of blood transfusion,strengthen the training of transfusion knowledge,and improve the safety of blood transfusion.