《红楼梦》“被”字句语义论略

The Semantic Analysis on Bei-sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions

着重研究了《红楼梦》"被"字句前、中、后三段的相关语义问题。前段的语义研究主要是充当主语和句首状语的词语跟句中动词的语义关系;中段的语义研究涉及充当宾语和"被"前状语的词语和句中动词的语义关系;后段的语义研究涉及谓语动词的语义特征、动核结构以及后段是动宾式、动补式和状中式的谓词性短语的语义分析及对应补语和状语的语义指向。最后指出了《红楼梦》"被"字句的基本语义特征是表示贬义。

The author focuses on the related semantic issues of the forepart,middle part and rear part of Bei-sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions.The semantic research on forepart words is mainly related to the semantic relationship between the words serving as subject and adverbial in the beginning of a sentence and the verbs.The semantic research on middle part words concerns the semantic relationship between the words serving as object and adverbial before the word "Bei" and verbs.The semantic research on rear part words concerns the semantic analysis between the semantic features of predicate verbs and core-verb structure and about the predicate phrases of "Predicate-Object" or "Predicate-Complement" or "Adverbial-Predicate" structure,and points out the semantic orientation about the corresponding complement and adverbial.Finally,the paper points out the basic semantic features of the Bei-sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions expresses derogatory sense,but examples of using Bei-sentences to express neutral and commendatory sense increased significantly compared with works before Tang Dynasty.