“国家声音”:民国广播与国语运动——以国民党中央广播电台为中心

“National Voice”:Republic of China Broadcasting and Mandarin Movement Centered on the Kuomintang Central Radio Station

国语运动是指从清末到民国年间制定和推行汉语标准语的一场社会文化运动,它提出“言文一致”和“国语统一”两大口号。国语运动贯穿整个民国时期,由政府民间互动,共同推进。除书面教材、课堂讲授等传统教育方法之外,广播这一新媒介的出现使声音突破了时空限制,成为推广民众教育和国语宣传的利器,为当时人所注意。1927年国民党建政后,力图实现全国政治统一、“党国声音”一元化,进而实现现代民族国家的建构。国语运动旨在统一全国语言,国民政府也极为重视,用广播推行和普及国语使这一运动达到高潮,这一推行方式也是这一时期国语运动的一个显著特征,作为国民党喉舌的中央广播电台在其中扮演着重要角色。整体来看,由于当时播音水准及收音率较低,以广播推行国语并未达到预期效果。

The Mandarin Movement refers to a social and cultural movement that develops and promotes the Chinese Standard Language from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. It proposes two major slogans: uwords are consistentand "national language is unified.v The Mandarin movement runs through the entire Republic of China and is promoted by the government and the people. In addition to traditional educational methods such as written textbooks and classroom lectures, as a new medium, the emergence of broadcasting has made the sound break through the limitations of time and space, and has become a weapon for popularizing public education and national language propaganda. After the Kuomintang established the government in 1927, it tried to achieve national political unification and the "party voice" unified, and then achieve the construction of modem nation-state. As the Mandarin language movement aimed to unify the national language,the National Government also attached great importance to it. The use of broadcasting to promote and popularize Mandarin going to prosperity, which was also a significant characteristics in the Mandarin movement during this period. The Central Radio Station, which serves as the mouthpiece of the Kuomintang party, plays an important role. Overall, due to the low level of broadcasting and radio transmission at the time, Promoting Mandarin through broadcasting did not achieve the expected results.