东晋十六国时期高句丽的越境外交

Koguryo’s Pluralistic Diplomacy in the Periods of Eastern Jin and Sixteen States

本文通过细绎中外文献的零散史料,意在揭示一段尚未得到正视的东亚关系故事:高句丽通过与后赵、前秦、东晋、南燕等国的通交,在东晋十六国时期已经构筑起多元的外交态势。高句丽在与慕容鲜卑长期对峙、争夺辽东的过程中,曾与后赵有过多次政治互动乃至军事协同行动。前秦兴起后,高句丽在苻坚灭燕之际与前秦展开亲善外交,保持密切的政治、文化关系,特别表现在高句丽对佛教和律令的输入,以及携小国新罗使臣向前秦"朝贡"。高句丽也曾渡海与东晋、南燕取得联络,并和北燕保持长期的和平交往关系。通过"联赵""亲秦""通晋"和"交燕",高句丽逐步形成了一种与慕容鲜卑之外的大陆诸国保持良好互动的"越境外交"。这一外交格局反映出高句丽顽强的外向发展冲力以及分裂时代东亚秩序的失衡状态。

The present paper attempts to shed light on a long-neglected history wherein Koguryo at that time developed a pluralistic diplomacy by contacting different Chinese states. There were the politico-military cooperation between Koguryo and the Latter Zhao. The political and cultural interactions between Koguryo and the Former Qin were frequent and intensive. Koguryo’s relationships with the Eastern Jin,the Southern Yan and the Northern Yan were not unworthy of being mentioned. This cross-border endeavor was fruitful.