“打倒学阀”:北伐前后苏沪学界的权势嬗递

“Take down Education Lords”: The Power Transfer in Jiangsu and Shanghai Education Circles around the Northern Expedition

由于江苏省教育会在民初政、学两界拥有笼罩东南的权势网络,因此,1925年被北京政府与国民党冠以“学阀”的罪名进行联合打压。此后国共政党始终以“打倒学阀”为口号和目标,一方面借此来动员青年学生,一方面力图清除江苏省教育会的权势结构。“打倒学阀”与“运动学生”实为国民革命时期国共政党在苏沪学界进行革命动员的一体两面、成为国民革命的政治样态之一。1927年国民党军到沪后,随着“打倒学阀”运动的展开,江苏省教育会被取缔,骨干成员遭到通缉。与此同时,曾经受江苏省教育会管控的苏沪各校教职员则高举“打倒学阀”的旗帜以求自治于新政权。上海市党部、上海学联等亦在“打倒学阀”中扩张权势,但在“谁是学阀”以及“怎样打倒”等问题上,上海党、政两方存在着分歧。随着国民政府对民众运动政策的改变,“打倒学阀”运动逐渐因地方党部权势萎缩而退潮。

In the early years of the Republic of China,since the Jiangsu Provincial Education Association( JPEA)had control over the southeast,it was jointly suppressed by the Beijing government and the Kuomintang as"education lords". The KMT and CPC used the slogan"take down education lords"to mobilize the young students and try to purge the power of the JPEA. They were the two sides of revolutionary mobilization,and one political form of the National Revolution. After the army of KMT arrived in Shanghai in 1927,the JPEA was banned and its key members were list as wanted with the "take down"campaign launched extensively. At the same time,the faculty of the Jiangsu and shanghai schools,which were once controlled by the JPEA,held high the "take down education lords"banner in order to adapt to the new regime.With the policy held by the national government towards the movement changed,it brought the campaign to the end due to the power shrink of the local party.