小说研究中历史与传说的关系问题——从潘金莲弑夫说起

The Relation between History and Legend in the Study of Novels——Starting from Pan Jinlian’s Killing Her Husband

在小说研究中,应该正确区分历史和传说的关系。武大郎、潘金莲的故事属于传说,不应该将其等同于历史,欲从有限的文献中考证出原型。在《水浒传》广为流传之后,武姓人物形象受到诋毁,为纠正宗族形象,清河武氏对武、潘事迹重新进行了加工,因此清河武氏出土的武植墓碑以及武氏后人的描述是纯粹的虚构,不可尽信。"郎""莲"二字是宋明普遍的命名方式,已经带有虚构痕迹。潘金莲毒药弑夫的故事在古代很常见,今本《水浒传》中这一情节也只是对普遍现象的一种接纳,不可以事实视之。

In the study of fiction,we should correctly distinguish the relation between history and legend.The stories of Wu Dalang and Pan Jinlian belong to legends.They should not be equated with history to be proved from the limited literature.After The Water Margin was widely circulated,the characters of Wu were slandered.In order to correct the clan image,Wu families of Qinghe reprocessed Wu and Pan's stories,therefore,Wuzhi tombstone unearthed by Wu Families of Qinghe and the description of Wu's descendants are pure fiction and can not be trusted.The word Lang and Lian were the common naming methods in Song and Ming Dynasties,and they had got fiction traces.The story of Pan Jinlian killing his husband with poison was very common in ancient times,and the plot in The Water Margin was only an acceptance of common phenomena,which could not be thought to be fact.