日语「たち」汉语“们”与确数数量词的同现研究

A Study on the Co-occurrence of Tachi and "Men" with Precise Quantifiers

本文从日汉对比的角度,根据代名词、固有名词、普通名词等不同情况,探讨了[たち]和“们”究竟是集合标记还是复数标记,解释了[たち]和“们”前接这三类名词时与确数数量词同现或不同现的原因,并概括了集合标记、复数标记和确数数量词的各自特征:集合标记存在代表性成员,且个体之间具有可区别性;复数标记不存在代表性成员,且个体之间具有不可区别性;确数数量词具有定量性的特征,且所修饰的名词必须同属性。

This study discusses whether tachi and "men" are collective markers or plural markers depending on the different natures of pronouns,proper nouns and common nouns from the angle of contrast between Chinese and Japanese.It then ex plains the reasons why tachi and "men" could be coexistent or not with precise quantifiers on the basis of these three types of nouns.Based on these results,the paper concludes on the characteristics of collective markers,plural markers and precise quan tifiers: there is a representative member,and it is distinguishable between individuals of collective markers;there is no repre sentative member,and it is not distinguishable between individuals of plural markers;precise quantifiers have quantitative char acteristics,and the noun that modifies must have the same attributes.