论我国市政公用事业特许经营的规制困境与改革——以第三方评估的参与模式为视角

On the Regulation Dilemma and Reform of the Franchise Operation of Municipal Public Utilities in China——From the Perspective of the Participation Model Assessed by A Third Party

市政公用事业特许经营是公用事业市场化的发展模式,在实践发展中取得了一定成效,也出现了种种弊端。积极引入第三方评估机制,可以强化外在制衡机制,避免权力寻租,发挥关键的枢纽性作用,具有必要性、可行性和现实紧迫性。在当前我国公用事业特许经营实践中,第三方评估在制度规范性、政府重视度和机制自身完善程度三个层面上面临困境。破解思路在于以现行制度为基点,批判借鉴发达国家的先进经验;厘清公用事业特许经营领域第三方评估的特定内涵与法律属性;构建并完善政府在公用事业特许经营领域引入第三方评估的义务群;细化评估内容,健全评估体系;改革第三方评估的参与模式;发展目标是实现第三方评估在公用事业特许经营中的全面参与。

The municipal public utility franchise is a development model for the marketization of public utilities.It has achieved certain results in practice and development,and various drawbacks have emerged.Actively introducing a third-party evaluation mechanism can strengthen external checks and balances,avoid power rent-seeking,and play a key pivotal role.It is necessary,feasible,and realistic.In the current practice of public utility franchise in China,third-party evaluation faces difficulties in the three levels of system,government importance and mechanism self-improvement.The idea is to use the current system as the basis,criticize and draw on the advanced experience of developed countries;clarify the specific connotation and legal attributes of third-party evaluation in the franchise field of public utilities;and construct and improve the government's obligation to introduce third-party evaluation in the field of public utility franchising;refine the assessment content,improve the evaluation system;reform the participation model of third-party evaluation.The development goal is to achieve the full participation of third-party evaluation in public utility franchise.